Yttrium90GlassMicrosphereChecker
Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere
Utility description: Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere
Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere Quality Checker — Yttrium-90 Glass Microspheres (TheraSphere)
ℹ️ Utility checks critical parameters of Y-90 Glass Microspheres:
• Particle size (20–30 μm) — strict!
• Sphericity (≥95%)
• Activity per sphere (~2500 Bq)
• Absence of free Y-90 (<0.1%)
• Y-88 impurity (≤0.001%)
• pH, endotoxins, sterility
⚠️ CRITICAL: Glass microspheres have HIGH specific activity.
Y-90 is integrated into the glass matrix. Leaching is unacceptable.
Particle size is critical to prevent lung shunting.
Usage:
Yttrium90GlassMicrosphereChecker.exe → demo mode (console output)
Yttrium90GlassMicrosphereChecker.exe input.csv output.json → evaluate your data
Input format:
BatchNumber,TotalActivityGBq,ActivityPerSphereBq,MeanDiameterMicrons,DiameterRangeMinMicrons,DiameterRangeMaxMicrons,SphericityPercent,RadionuclidicPurityPercent,Yttrium88ImpurityPercent,FreeYttriumPercent,pH,EndotoxinsEU,SterilityTest,ProductType
Example (sterility: 0=sterile, 1=contaminated):
Y90-GLASS-2026-001,20.0,2500.0,25.0,20.0,30.0,99.0,99.99,0.0005,0.01,6.0,10.0,0,GlassMicrospheres
Supported product types:
• GlassMicrospheres — glass microspheres (TheraSphere®)
— WHY IS THIS NEEDED?
Y-90 Glass Microspheres (e.g., TheraSphere®) are used for liver radioembolization:
• Y-90 is chemically incorporated into the aluminosilicate glass matrix during manufacturing (neutron activation).
• High specific activity (~2500 Bq per 25 μm sphere).
• Rigid, perfectly spherical particles ensure predictable hemodynamics and less tendency to aggregate compared to resins.
• Used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.
⚠️ CRITICAL:
• Particle size 20–30 μm — STRICT CONTROL. Particles must be large enough to lodge in tumor capillaries but not pass through arteriovenous shunts to lungs (risk of radiation pneumonitis).
• Sphericity ≥95% — Ensures laminar flow during injection through microcatheter and prevents clogging.
• Absence of free Y-90 (<0.1%) — Unlike resins where Y-90 is adsorbed on surface, in glass it is integrated. Leaching must be minimal. Free Y-90 is toxic to bone marrow.
• Y-88 impurity ≤0.001% — Long-lived impurity creating waste and dose burden issues.
• Activity per sphere — Manufacturing quality characteristic.
• pH 4.0–7.5, Endotoxins ≤175 EU/vial, Sterility — standard safety requirements.
Key features:
• Specific control of glass matrix parameters (sphericity, leaching)
• Particle size control to prevent lung shunting
• Assessment of high specific activity
Critical parameters:
• Particle size: 20–30 μm (mean)
• Sphericity: ≥95.0%
• Free Y-90: ≤0.1% (leaching)
• Y-88 impurity: ≤0.001%
• Radionuclidic purity: ≥99.9%
• pH: 4.0–7.5
• Endotoxins: ≤175 EU/vial
• Sterility: no microbial growth
💡 Usage tips:
1. Glass microspheres do not swell in water and have a density of ~3.3 g/cm³.
2. Due to high specific activity, dose calculation is based on activity, not particle count (unlike resins).
3. Leaching control is performed by measuring supernatant activity after storing microspheres in saline.
4. When handling Y-90 glass, consider higher beta energy per particle compared to resins.
⚠️ Note: Y-90 Glass Microspheres have less tendency for reflux and aggregation due to perfect sphere and rigidity. However, they require careful size control, as any deviation towards smaller size increases risk of lung toxicity.input.csv
BatchNumber,TotalActivityGBq,ActivityPerSphereBq,MeanDiameterMicrons,DiameterRangeMinMicrons,DiameterRangeMaxMicrons,SphericityPercent,RadionuclidicPurityPercent,Yttrium88ImpurityPercent,FreeYttriumPercent,pH,EndotoxinsEU,SterilityTest,ProductType Y90-GLASS-2026-001,20.0,2500.0,25.0,20.0,30.0,99.0,99.99,0.0005,0.01,6.0,10.0,0,GlassMicrospheres Y90-GLASS-FAIL-002,18.0,2400.0,35.0,30.0,40.0,98.0,99.9,0.001,0.05,6.5,15.0,0,GlassMicrospheres Y90-GLASS-LEACH-003,19.0,2450.0,25.0,20.0,30.0,99.0,99.95,0.0008,0.5,6.0,10.0,0,GlassMicrospheres
URS & FS — User Requirements and Functional Specification
This document describes the controlled interface and behaviour of Yttrium90GlassMicrosphereChecker for Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere.
Domain limits and critical parameters
- ℹ️ Utility checks critical parameters of Y-90 Glass Microspheres:
- • Sphericity (≥95%)
- • Absence of free Y-90 (<0.1%)
- • Y-88 impurity (≤0.001%)
- • pH, endotoxins, sterility
- ⚠️ CRITICAL: Glass microspheres have HIGH specific activity.
- Particle size is critical to prevent lung shunting.
- BatchNumber,TotalActivityGBq,ActivityPerSphereBq,MeanDiameterMicrons,DiameterRangeMinMicrons,DiameterRangeMaxMicrons,SphericityPercent,RadionuclidicPurityPercent,Yttrium88ImpurityPercent,FreeYttriumPercent,pH,EndotoxinsEU,SterilityTest,ProductType
- Example (sterility: 0=sterile, 1=contaminated):
- ⚠️ CRITICAL:
- • Sphericity ≥95% — Ensures laminar flow during injection through microcatheter and prevents clogging.
- • Absence of free Y-90 (<0.1%) — Unlike resins where Y-90 is adsorbed on surface, in glass it is integrated. Leaching must be minimal. Free Y-90 is toxic to bone marrow.
- • Y-88 impurity ≤0.001% — Long-lived impurity creating waste and dose burden issues.
- • pH 4.0–7.5, Endotoxins ≤175 EU/vial, Sterility — standard safety requirements.
URS — User Requirements Specification
| ID | Requirement | Criticality | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| URS-001 | The utility shall accept an input.csv file with the exact headers defined in the data contract. | High | The file is processed without manual header editing. |
| URS-002 | The utility shall perform deterministic QC evaluation for Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere using input values, approved limits and domain rules. | High | Each input row receives a PASS / WARNING / FAIL status. |
| URS-003 | The utility shall validate mandatory fields, data types, numeric ranges, units and pharmaceutical/radiochemical plausibility. | High | Schema and conversion errors are explicitly reported. |
| URS-004 | The utility shall identify critical deviations related to radionuclidic purity, radiochemical purity, free radionuclide, impurities, pH, endotoxins and sterility when such fields are present. | High | A critical deviation causes FAIL or a separate critical finding. |
| URS-005 | The utility shall generate output.json with machine-readable results, source values, warnings and failures. | High | JSON is suitable for LIMS/ELN/MES integration and QA/QC review. |
| URS-006 | The utility shall not use machine learning to decide conformance. | Medium | The result is based on explicit rules, thresholds and input values. |
| URS-007 | The utility shall preserve traceability between batch number, input values, applied rules and final status. | High | The output contains the batch identifier and the list of checked parameters. |
| URS-008 | The documentation shall support IQ/OQ preparation and inspection discussion with FDA/EMA/Roszdravnadzor or local regulators. | Medium | URS & FS, input.csv/output.json contract and test scenarios are supplied with the utility. |
input.csv contract
| # | Field | Type | Sample | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BatchNumber | string | Y90-GLASS-2026-001 | Batch or lot identifier used for traceability. |
| 2 | TotalActivityGBq | decimal | 20.0 | Radioactivity value used for release, decay or dose-related assessment. |
| 3 | ActivityPerSphereBq | string | 2500.0 | Radioactivity value used for release, decay or dose-related assessment. |
| 4 | MeanDiameterMicrons | string / decimal | 25.0 | Controlled input parameter used by the deterministic QC rules. |
| 5 | DiameterRangeMinMicrons | string / decimal | 20.0 | Controlled input parameter used by the deterministic QC rules. |
| 6 | DiameterRangeMaxMicrons | string / decimal | 30.0 | Controlled input parameter used by the deterministic QC rules. |
| 7 | SphericityPercent | string | 99.0 | Controlled input parameter used by the deterministic QC rules. |
| 8 | RadionuclidicPurityPercent | string | 99.99 | Radionuclidic purity; a critical radiation-safety and impurity parameter. |
| 9 | Yttrium88ImpurityPercent | string | 0.0005 | Controlled impurity or residual material. |
| 10 | FreeYttriumPercent | decimal | 0.01 | Free radionuclide / unbound species; important for non-target uptake and toxicity. |
| 11 | pH | decimal | 6.0 | Solution pH; relevant for stability, compatibility and administration. |
| 12 | EndotoxinsEU | decimal | 10.0 | Bacterial endotoxins; critical for parenteral administration. |
| 13 | SterilityTest | flag / boolean | 0 | Sterility result; critical release parameter. |
| 14 | ProductType | string | GlassMicrospheres | Controlled input parameter used by the deterministic QC rules. |
BatchNumber,TotalActivityGBq,ActivityPerSphereBq,MeanDiameterMicrons,DiameterRangeMinMicrons,DiameterRangeMaxMicrons,SphericityPercent,RadionuclidicPurityPercent,Yttrium88ImpurityPercent,FreeYttriumPercent,pH,EndotoxinsEU,SterilityTest,ProductType Y90-GLASS-2026-001,20.0,2500.0,25.0,20.0,30.0,99.0,99.99,0.0005,0.01,6.0,10.0,0,GlassMicrospheres Y90-GLASS-FAIL-002,18.0,2400.0,35.0,30.0,40.0,98.0,99.9,0.001,0.05,6.5,15.0,0,GlassMicrospheres Y90-GLASS-LEACH-003,19.0,2450.0,25.0,20.0,30.0,99.0,99.95,0.0008,0.5,6.0,10.0,0,GlassMicrospheres
FS — Functional Specification
| ID | Function | Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| FS-001 | CSV import | Read input.csv in UTF-8/CSV-compatible format and validate the header and expected columns. |
| FS-002 | Schema validation | Check mandatory fields and column count; report unknown or missing key fields. |
| FS-003 | Type conversion | Convert numeric, flag and text values; invalid formats are recorded as row-level errors. |
| FS-004 | Domain rule engine | Apply domain rules for Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere, including critical limits from the utility description and approved specification. |
| FS-005 | Status aggregation | Produce final status: FAIL for critical failure, WARNING for non-critical deviation, PASS for conformance. |
| FS-006 | JSON export | Write output.json with detailed checks, source values, warnings, failures and critical findings. |
| FS-007 | Audit support | Keep the result structure suitable for review, deviation investigation, calculation reproduction and IQ/OQ preparation. |
| FS-008 | Integration contract | Support the production scenario: LIMS/ELN/MES creates input.csv, the utility returns output.json, the portal displays description and documentation. |
Example output.json
{
"utilityId": "yttrium90-glass-microsphere-checker",
"api": "Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere",
"overallStatus": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"sourceFile": "input.csv",
"checks": [
{
"parameter": "BatchNumber",
"value": "Y90-GLASS-2026-001",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "TotalActivityGBq",
"value": "20.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "ActivityPerSphereBq",
"value": "2500.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "MeanDiameterMicrons",
"value": "25.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "DiameterRangeMinMicrons",
"value": "20.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "DiameterRangeMaxMicrons",
"value": "30.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "SphericityPercent",
"value": "99.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "RadionuclidicPurityPercent",
"value": "99.99",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
}
],
"criticalFindings": []
}
OQ/PQ test scenarios
| ID | Scenario | Expected result |
|---|---|---|
| OQ-001 | Valid sample row | PASS or acceptable WARNING according to the rules. |
| OQ-002 | Mandatory column missing | Schema error or FAIL. |
| OQ-003 | Non-numeric value in numeric field | Type-conversion error. |
| OQ-004 | Critical parameter outside limit | FAIL and critical finding. |
| PQ-001 | User real batch/lot | Reviewed result with input.csv and output.json retained. |
QA/QC and change control
- Do not rename columns without updating the validator and test set.
- Retain
input.csv,output.json, executable version and checksum. - Before production use, perform IQ/OQ/PQ or equivalent CSV/CSA verification.
- Critical radiopharmaceutical limits must be verified against the approved specification and local SOPs.
Included in packages
PetRad3: expanded PET/SPECT and radiopharmaceutical QC package
A curated suite for PET/SPECT radiopharmaceuticals, generator and cyclotron radionuclides, labelled compounds, radiochemical purity, breakthrough, sterility and endotoxin control.
OpenRadiology QC Suite
QC package for radiology and diagnostic imaging: radiopharmaceuticals, PET/SPECT, contrast media, iodinated and gadolinium products, plus particle, sterility and endotoxin checks.
OpenRPH isotope family: beta-emitting therapy
Lu-177, Y-90, Ho-166, Re-188, Sm-153, Sr-89, P-32, Cu-67 and Tb-161.
OpenRPH organ/system: bone and musculoskeletal
Bone scintigraphy, MDP/PYP, marrow, bone-pain palliation, skeletal metastases and radiosynovectomy.
OpenRPH organ/system: hepatobiliary and GI
HIDA, mebrofenin, gallbladder, gastric emptying, GI transit, bleeding and liver/spleen imaging.
OpenRPH organ/system: oncology and theranostics
Tumour imaging, PSMA/FAPI/receptor tracers, immuno-PET, targeted radionuclide therapy and radioembolization.
OpenRPH organ/system: pulmonary and ventilation
Lung perfusion, MAA, V/Q, aerosol, xenon ventilation, shunt and pulmonary dosimetry.
OpenRPH use case: radionuclide therapy and theranostics
Lu-177, Ac-225, Ra-223, Y-90, Ho-166, Sm-153, Sr-89, Re-188, Tb-161, I-131 and other therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals: activity, purity, free metal, daughters and toxicological constraints.
OpenRPH workflow: dosimetry and therapy planning
Activity planning, absorbed dose, organ dose, lung shunt, preplanning and therapy verification.
OpenRPH workflow: generators and isotope purity
Generator eluate, breakthrough, radionuclidic purity, isotope mix and starting radionuclides.
OpenRPH workflow: product release QC
Assay, purity, sterility, endotoxins, pH, impurities, appearance and batch-release checks.
OpenRPH workflow: stability, storage, decay and waste
Kinetic stability, shelf life, decay correction, expiry, storage, trend and radioactive waste.
OpenRPH: combined radiopharmaceutical QC package
RPH combines PetRad, PetRad2 and PetRad3 into one umbrella package for PET/SPECT, therapeutic radionuclides, generators, labelled compounds, decay calculations, sterility, endotoxins and radiochemical/radionuclidic purity.
Open