Thorium227QualityChecker

Thorium-227

radiopharmaceuticals QC URS & FS input.csv output.json alpha therapy radiochemical purity radionuclidic purity
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Utility description: Thorium-227

Thorium-227 Quality Checker — Alpha Therapy (Ph. Eur., USP)

ℹ️  The utility checks RCP, free thorium, daughter nuclides, long-lived impurities, sterility.
ℹ️  Does not use machine learning — rule-based logic only.
⚠️  CRITICAL! Free Th ≤5%. Daughter escape ≤10%. Long-lived impurities ≤0.1%!

Usage:
  Thorium227QualityChecker.exe                            → demo mode
  Thorium227QualityChecker.exe input.csv output.json      → evaluate data

Input format:
BatchNumber,Radiopharmaceutical,Radionuclidic_Purity_Percent,Radiochemical_Purity_Percent,Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Ab,Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percent,Free_Thorium_Ion_Percent,Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percent,pH_Value,Protein_Concentration_mg_per_mL,SterilityTest,Bacterial_Endotoxins_EU_per_mL,Appearance_Score,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected

Example:
TH227-AB-2026-001,Th-227-DOTA-Anti-HER2,99.9,98.0,5.0,0.05,1.5,5.0,6.5,2.0,0,5.0,0,0,0,0,0

— WHY IS THIS NEEDED?
Thorium-227 — alpha-emitter for targeted therapy (T1/2 = 18.7 d):
• Radiochemical Purity: Chelate stability is critical. Alpha decay causes nuclear recoil, which can break the bond with the chelator. Release of daughter nuclides (Ra-223, Rn-219) leads to their accumulation in bones and other organs, causing toxicity. Daughter escape limit is typically ≤10%.
• Free Thorium: Accumulates in liver and bones. Limit ≤5%.
• Long-Lived Impurities: Th-228 (T1/2 = 1.9 y) and Th-232 (T1/2 = 14 billion years) create long-term radiation burden. Their content must be minimal (<0.1%).
• Specific Activity: Important for therapeutic efficacy of antibodies.
• Sterility and Endotoxins: Drug is administered intravenously. Requirements are strict.
⚠️ CRITICAL:
• Radionuclidic Purity: ≥ 99.0%
• Radiochemical Purity: ≥ 95.0%
• Long-Lived Impurities (Th-228/232): ≤ 0.1%
• Free Thorium: ≤ 5.0%
• Daughter Nuclide Escape: ≤ 10.0%
• Specific Activity: ≥ 1.0 MBq/mg antibody
• pH: 5.0–7.5
• Endotoxins: ≤ 17.5 EU/mL
• Sterility: No growth
• Appearance: Homogeneous, no aggregates
⚠️ Note: Utility focuses on specific challenges of alpha therapy: chelate stability under nuclear recoil and control of long-lived impurities that may create unacceptable long-term radiation dose.

input.csv

BatchNumber,Radiopharmaceutical,Radionuclidic_Purity_Percent,Radiochemical_Purity_Percent,Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Ab,Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percent,Free_Thorium_Ion_Percent,Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percent,pH_Value,Protein_Concentration_mg_per_mL,SterilityTest,Bacterial_Endotoxins_EU_per_mL,Appearance_Score,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected
TH227-AB-2026-001,Th-227-DOTA-Anti-HER2,99.9,98.0,5.0,0.05,1.5,5.0,6.5,2.0,0,5.0,0,0,0,0,0

URS & FS — User Requirements and Functional Specification

1. Scope

This document defines requirements and functional behaviour for Thorium227QualityChecker used to control: Thorium-227. The utility is intended for QC use and applies deterministic rules, not machine learning.

2. Execution modes

  • Thorium227QualityChecker.exe — demo mode or help output.
  • Thorium227QualityChecker.exe input.csv output.json — process user data and write result.

3. Key source-derived controls

  • Thorium-227 Quality Checker — Alpha Therapy (Ph. Eur., USP)
  • ℹ️ The utility checks RCP, free thorium, daughter nuclides, long-lived impurities, sterility.
  • ⚠️ CRITICAL! Free Th ≤5%. Daughter escape ≤10%. Long-lived impurities ≤0.1%!
  • BatchNumber,Radiopharmaceutical,Radionuclidic_Purity_Percent,Radiochemical_Purity_Percent,Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Ab,Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percent,Free_Thorium_Ion_Percent,Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percent,pH_Value,Protein_Concentration_mg_per_mL,SterilityTest,Bacterial_Endotoxins_EU_per_mL,Appearance_Score,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected
  • Thorium-227 — alpha-emitter for targeted therapy (T1/2 = 18.7 d):
  • • Radiochemical Purity: Chelate stability is critical. Alpha decay causes nuclear recoil, which can break the bond with the chelator. Release of daughter nuclides (Ra-223, Rn-219) leads to their accumulation in bones and other organs, causing toxicity. Daughter escape limit is typically ≤10%.
  • • Free Thorium: Accumulates in liver and bones. Limit ≤5%.
  • • Sterility and Endotoxins: Drug is administered intravenously. Requirements are strict.
  • ⚠️ CRITICAL:
  • • Radionuclidic Purity: ≥ 99.0%
  • • Radiochemical Purity: ≥ 95.0%
  • • Long-Lived Impurities (Th-228/232): ≤ 0.1%
  • • Free Thorium: ≤ 5.0%
  • • Daughter Nuclide Escape: ≤ 10.0%
  • • Specific Activity: ≥ 1.0 MBq/mg antibody
  • • pH: 5.0–7.5
  • • Endotoxins: ≤ 17.5 EU/mL
  • • Sterility: No growth
  • ⚠️ Note: Utility focuses on specific challenges of alpha therapy: chelate stability under nuclear recoil and control of long-lived impurities that may create unacceptable long-term radiation dose.

4. URS — user requirements

IDRequirementCriticalityAcceptance criterion
URS-001The utility shall accept input.csv with the exact headers defined in the data contract.HighThe file is processed without manual header changes.
URS-002The utility shall validate mandatory fields, data types, ranges, units, and critical pharmaceutical/radiochemical limits.HighEach row receives PASS/WARNING/FAIL status.
URS-003The utility shall detect critical deviations related to radionuclidic/radiochemical purity, impurities, free radionuclide, pH, endotoxins and sterility where such fields are present.HighA critical deviation produces FAIL or an explicit critical finding.
URS-004The utility shall generate output.json with machine-readable results, source values, warnings and failures.HighJSON is suitable for LIMS/ELN/MES integration and QA/QC review.
URS-005The utility shall not use machine learning to decide conformance.MediumThe decision is based on explicit rules and thresholds.
URS-006The utility shall preserve traceability between batch number, input values, applied rules and final status.HighThe output contains batch identifier and checked parameters.
URS-007The documentation shall support IQ/OQ preparation and inspection discussion with FDA/EMA/Roszdravnadzor or local regulator.MediumURS/FS and test scenarios are supplied with the utility.

5. input.csv contract

#FieldTypeSamplePurpose
1BatchNumberstringTH227-AB-2026-001Batch or lot identifier.
2RadiopharmaceuticalstringTh-227-DOTA-Anti-HER2Product/radiopharmaceutical type; affects control interpretation.
3Radionuclidic_Purity_Percentdecimal99.9Radionuclidic purity; critical radiation safety attribute.
4Radiochemical_Purity_Percentdecimal98.0Radiochemical purity; verifies radionuclide binding and target chemical form.
5Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Abdecimal5.0Activity of the radiopharmaceutical material or finished product.
6Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percentdecimal0.05Controlled input parameter from input.csv.
7Free_Thorium_Ion_Percentdecimal1.5Free radionuclide/ion; critical due to non-target uptake and toxicity.
8Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percentdecimal5.0Controlled input parameter from input.csv.
9pH_Valuedecimal6.5Solution pH; stability and administration compatibility parameter.
10Protein_Concentration_mg_per_mLdecimal2.0Protein/antibody component of the product.
11SterilityTestflag 0/10Sterility test result; 0 usually means no contamination.
12Bacterial_Endotoxins_EU_per_mLdecimal5.0Bacterial endotoxins; critical criterion for parenteral administration.
13Appearance_Scoredecimal0Visual appearance and visible defect assessment.
14Microbial_Count_TAMCdecimal0Microbiological attribute; positive result is a critical deviation.
15Microbial_Count_TYMCdecimal0Microbiological attribute; positive result is a critical deviation.
16EColi_Detectedflag 0/10Microbiological attribute; positive result is a critical deviation.
17Salmonella_Detectedflag 0/10Microbiological attribute; positive result is a critical deviation.
BatchNumber,Radiopharmaceutical,Radionuclidic_Purity_Percent,Radiochemical_Purity_Percent,Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Ab,Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percent,Free_Thorium_Ion_Percent,Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percent,pH_Value,Protein_Concentration_mg_per_mL,SterilityTest,Bacterial_Endotoxins_EU_per_mL,Appearance_Score,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected
TH227-AB-2026-001,Th-227-DOTA-Anti-HER2,99.9,98.0,5.0,0.05,1.5,5.0,6.5,2.0,0,5.0,0,0,0,0,0

6. FS — functional specification

IDFunctionImplementation
FS-001CSV importRead input.csv in UTF-8/CSV-compatible format; validate header and expected columns.
FS-002Schema validationValidate mandatory fields and column count; report unknown or missing key fields.
FS-003Type conversionConvert numeric, flag and text values; record invalid format as row-level error.
FS-004Rule engineApply domain rules for Thorium-227, including critical limits from the utility description.
FS-005Status aggregationGenerate final status: FAIL for critical failure, WARNING for non-critical deviation, PASS for conformance.
FS-006JSON exportWrite output.json with check details, source values, warnings and critical findings.
FS-007Audit supportKeep result structure suitable for review, deviation investigation and IQ/OQ preparation.

7. output.json example

{
  "utilityId": "thorium227-quality-checker",
  "api": "Thorium-227",
  "overallStatus": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
  "sourceFile": "input.csv",
  "checks": [
    {
      "parameter": "BatchNumber",
      "value": "TH227-AB-2026-001",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Radiopharmaceutical",
      "value": "Th-227-DOTA-Anti-HER2",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Radionuclidic_Purity_Percent",
      "value": "99.9",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Radiochemical_Purity_Percent",
      "value": "98.0",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Specific_Activity_MBq_mg_Ab",
      "value": "5.0",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Long_Lived_Th_Impurities_Percent",
      "value": "0.05",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Free_Thorium_Ion_Percent",
      "value": "1.5",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Daughter_Nuclide_Escape_Percent",
      "value": "5.0",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    }
  ],
  "criticalFindings": []
}

8. OQ/PQ test scenarios

IDScenarioExpected result
OQ-001Valid sample rowPASS or acceptable WARNING according to rules.
OQ-002Mandatory column is missingSchema error or FAIL.
OQ-003Non-numeric value in numeric fieldType conversion error.
OQ-004Critical parameter outside limitFAIL and critical finding.
PQ-001User real batch/lotApproved review result with input.csv and output.json retained.

9. QA/QC and change control

  • Do not rename columns without validator update.
  • Store input.csv, output.json, executable version and checksum.
  • Before production use perform IQ/OQ/PQ or equivalent CSV/CSA verification.
  • Critical radiopharmaceutical limits must be checked against the approved specification and local SOPs.

Included in packages

PetRad2: advanced radiopharmaceutical QC package

A curated set of new utilities for radionuclide control, targeted alpha therapy, specific activity, radiolysis stability and preliminary dosimetry calculations.

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Radiology QC Suite

QC package for radiology and diagnostic imaging: radiopharmaceuticals, PET/SPECT, contrast media, iodinated and gadolinium products, plus particle, sterility and endotoxin checks.

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RPH isotope family: alpha-emitting therapy

Ac-225, Ra-223, At-211, Bi-213 and Th-227: targeted alpha therapy and daughter/recoil control.

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RPH organ/system: bone and musculoskeletal

Bone scintigraphy, MDP/PYP, marrow, bone-pain palliation, skeletal metastases and radiosynovectomy.

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RPH organ/system: hepatobiliary and GI

HIDA, mebrofenin, gallbladder, gastric emptying, GI transit, bleeding and liver/spleen imaging.

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RPH organ/system: oncology and theranostics

Tumour imaging, PSMA/FAPI/receptor tracers, immuno-PET, targeted radionuclide therapy and radioembolization.

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RPH use case: radionuclide therapy and theranostics

Lu-177, Ac-225, Ra-223, Y-90, Ho-166, Sm-153, Sr-89, Re-188, Tb-161, I-131 and other therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals: activity, purity, free metal, daughters and toxicological constraints.

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RPH workflow: generators and isotope purity

Generator eluate, breakthrough, radionuclidic purity, isotope mix and starting radionuclides.

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RPH workflow: product release QC

Assay, purity, sterility, endotoxins, pH, impurities, appearance and batch-release checks.

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RPH workflow: stability, storage, decay and waste

Kinetic stability, shelf life, decay correction, expiry, storage, trend and radioactive waste.

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RPH workflow: synthesis, labelling and kit reconstitution

Radiolabelling, synthesis, chelation, reducing agent, pH/stoichiometry and kit preparation.

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RPH: combined radiopharmaceutical QC package

RPH combines PetRad, PetRad2 and PetRad3 into one umbrella package for PET/SPECT, therapeutic radionuclides, generators, labelled compounds, decay calculations, sterility, endotoxins and radiochemical/radionuclidic purity.

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