Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value
Content Uniformity Acceptance Value
Lumex QC URS & FS input.csv output.json rule-based LIMS-ready content uniformity
Open selectionUtility description: Content Uniformity Acceptance Value
Content Uniformity Acceptance Value — Calculation of AV for Uniformity of Dosage Units
ℹ️ Utility calculates Acceptance Value (AV) according to USP <905> and Ph. Eur. 2.9.40:
• Input: 10 individual active substance contents (% of Label Claim).
• Formula: AV = |M - x̄| + k * s
- x̄: mean content
- s: sample standard deviation
- k: 2.4 (for n=10)
- M: reference value (100.0 if 98.5 ≤ x̄ ≤ 101.5; otherwise boundary)
• Passing Criteria (Stage 1): AV ≤ 15.0 AND all units within 75.0–125.0%.
⚠️ CRITICAL: AV > 15.0 → batch fails uniformity requirements!
Any unit outside 75-125% results in automatic failure.
Usage:
Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value.exe → demo mode (console output)
Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value.exe input.csv output.json → evaluate your data
Input format:
BatchNumber,Unit1,Unit2,Unit3,Unit4,Unit5,Unit6,Unit7,Unit8,Unit9,Unit10
Example:
TAB-CU-2026-001,98.5,101.2,99.0,100.5,97.8,102.1,99.5,100.0,98.9,101.5
— WHY IS THIS NEEDED?
Content Uniformity (CU) ensures that each tablet or capsule contains the correct amount of active ingredient.
• This is a critical quality attribute for solid dosage forms with low API potency.
• USP <905> and Ph. Eur. 2.9.40 use a statistical approach (Acceptance Value) to assess variability.
• AV calculation accounts for both bias (accuracy) and spread (precision).
• Automation eliminates manual calculation errors for standard deviation and AV.
⚠️ CRITICAL:
• For Stage 1 (n=10), the AV limit is 15.0.
• If AV > 15.0 but ≤ 25.0, testing of additional 20 units may be required (Stage 2).
• Any unit outside 75.0–125.0% of Label Claim leads to batch failure at Stage 1.
• M value adjusts if mean deviates from 98.5–101.5%, penalizing for bias.
Key features:
• Automatic AV calculation per USP/Ph.Eur. formula.
• Check of individual limits (75-125%).
• Generation of LIMS-compatible JSON report.
Critical parameters:
• Acceptance Value (AV): <= 15.0
• Individual Limits: 75.0% - 125.0%
💡 Usage tips:
1. Ensure input data is expressed as % of Label Claim.
2. Use precise analytical methods (HPLC) to determine content in each unit.
3. If batch fails Stage 1, investigate process variability causes (mixing, compression).
4. This utility implements Stage 1 logic. Stage 2 (n=30) requires extended logic (not included in this version).
⚠️ Note: The calculation of M (reference value) is a key difference of the AV method from simple RSD calculation. It penalizes batches where the mean content significantly deviates from 100%, even if the spread (SD) is small.input.csv
BatchNumber,Unit1%,Unit2%,Unit3%,Unit4%,Unit5%,Unit6%,Unit7%,Unit8%,Unit9%,Unit10% TAB-CU-2026-001,98.5,101.2,99.0,100.5,97.8,102.1,99.5,100.0,98.9,101.5 TAB-CU-2026-002,95.0,105.0,92.0,108.0,96.0,104.0,93.0,107.0,94.0,106.0 TAB-FAIL-2026-003,80.0,120.0,85.0,115.0,82.0,118.0,83.0,117.0,81.0,119.0
Utility description
Content Uniformity Acceptance Value — Calculation of AV for Uniformity of Dosage Units
ℹ️ Utility calculates Acceptance Value (AV) according to USP <905> and Ph. Eur. 2.9.40:
• Input: 10 individual active substance contents (% of Label Claim).
• Formula: AV = |M - x̄| + k * s
- x̄: mean content
- s: sample standard deviation
- k: 2.4 (for n=10)
- M: reference value (100.0 if 98.5 ≤ x̄ ≤ 101.5; otherwise boundary)
• Passing Criteria (Stage 1): AV ≤ 15.0 AND all units within 75.0–125.0%.
⚠️ CRITICAL: AV > 15.0 → batch fails uniformity requirements!
Any unit outside 75-125% results in automatic failure.
Usage:
Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value.exe → demo mode (console output)
Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value.exe input.csv output.json → evaluate your data
Input format:
BatchNumber,Unit1,Unit2,Unit3,Unit4,Unit5,Unit6,Unit7,Unit8,Unit9,Unit10
Example:
TAB-CU-2026-001,98.5,101.2,99.0,100.5,97.8,102.1,99.5,100.0,98.9,101.5
— WHY IS THIS NEEDED?
Content Uniformity (CU) ensures that each tablet or capsule contains the correct amount of active ingredient.
• This is a critical quality attribute for solid dosage forms with low API potency.
• USP <905> and Ph. Eur. 2.9.40 use a statistical approach (Acceptance Value) to assess variability.
• AV calculation accounts for both bias (accuracy) and spread (precision).
• Automation eliminates manual calculation errors for standard deviation and AV.
⚠️ CRITICAL:
• For Stage 1 (n=10), the AV limit is 15.0.
• If AV > 15.0 but ≤ 25.0, testing of additional 20 units may be required (Stage 2).
• Any unit outside 75.0–125.0% of Label Claim leads to batch failure at Stage 1.
• M value adjusts if mean deviates from 98.5–101.5%, penalizing for bias.
Key features:
• Automatic AV calculation per USP/Ph.Eur. formula.
• Check of individual limits (75-125%).
• Generation of LIMS-compatible JSON report.
Critical parameters:
• Acceptance Value (AV): <= 15.0
• Individual Limits: 75.0% - 125.0%
💡 Usage tips:
1. Ensure input data is expressed as % of Label Claim.
2. Use precise analytical methods (HPLC) to determine content in each unit.
3. If batch fails Stage 1, investigate process variability causes (mixing, compression).
4. This utility implements Stage 1 logic. Stage 2 (n=30) requires extended logic (not included in this version).
⚠️ Note: The calculation of M (reference value) is a key difference of the AV method from simple RSD calculation. It penalizes batches where the mean content significantly deviates from 100%, even if the spread (SD) is small.URS & FS — User Requirements and Functional Specification
This document describes the controlled interface, user requirements and functional behaviour of Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value. The utility is intended for automated verification of laboratory, pharmacopoeial, analytical or manufacturing QC parameters using input.csv and producing a structured output.json result.
Domain limits and critical parameters
Before production use, all limits must be verified against the approved specification, registration dossier, pharmacopoeial monograph, validated method and local SOPs.
- • This is a critical quality attribute for solid dosage forms with low API potency.
- • USP <905> and Ph. Eur. 2.9.40 use a statistical approach (Acceptance Value) to assess variability.
- • AV calculation accounts for both bias (accuracy) and spread (precision).
- • Automation eliminates manual calculation errors for standard deviation and AV.
- • For Stage 1 (n=10), the AV limit is 15.0.
- • If AV > 15.0 but ≤ 25.0, testing of additional 20 units may be required (Stage 2).
- • Any unit outside 75.0–125.0% of Label Claim leads to batch failure at Stage 1.
- • M value adjusts if mean deviates from 98.5–101.5%, penalizing for bias.
- • Automatic AV calculation per USP/Ph.Eur. formula.
- • Check of individual limits (75-125%).
- • Generation of LIMS-compatible JSON report.
- • Acceptance Value (AV): <= 15.0
- • Individual Limits: 75.0% - 125.0%
- - M: reference value (100.0 if 98.5 ≤ x̄ ≤ 101.5; otherwise boundary)
- • Passing Criteria (Stage 1): AV ≤ 15.0 AND all units within 75.0–125.0%.
URS — User Requirements Specification
| ID | Requirement | Criticality | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| URS-001 | The utility shall accept an input.csv file with exact headers defined in the data contract. | High | The file is processed without manual header editing. |
| URS-002 | The utility shall perform deterministic evaluation for Content Uniformity Acceptance Value using input values, approved limits and domain rules. | High | Each row receives a PASS / WARNING / FAIL status. |
| URS-003 | The utility shall validate mandatory fields, data types, numeric ranges, units and domain plausibility. | High | Schema, format and conversion errors are explicitly reported. |
| URS-004 | The utility shall identify critical deviations for parameters stated in the method description and specification. | High | A critical deviation causes FAIL or a dedicated critical finding. |
| URS-005 | The utility shall generate output.json with machine-readable results, source values, warnings and failures. | High | JSON is suitable for LIMS/ELN/MES integration, QA/QC review and archival. |
| URS-006 | The result shall not depend on machine learning or undocumented heuristics. | Medium | All decisions are based on explicit rules, thresholds and input values. |
| URS-007 | The system shall preserve traceability between batch/sample, input data, applied rules and final status. | High | The output contains the batch/sample identifier and checked parameters. |
| URS-008 | The documentation shall support IQ/OQ/PQ preparation and inspection discussion. | Medium | URS, FS, CSV/JSON contract and test scenarios are supplied with the utility. |
| URS-009 | The utility shall support batch processing of multiple input.csv rows. | Medium | Each row is evaluated independently; errors in one row do not mask errors in others. |
| URS-010 | The utility shall support a simple operating model: demo mode and execution with input/output files. | Medium | The CLI scenario is reproducible in test and production environments. |
input.csv contract
| # | Field | Type | Sample | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BatchNumber | string | TAB-CU-2026-001 | Batch or lot identifier used for traceability, review and deviation investigation. |
| 2 | Unit1% | decimal | 98.5 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 3 | Unit2% | decimal | 101.2 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 4 | Unit3% | decimal | 99.0 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 5 | Unit4% | decimal | 100.5 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 6 | Unit5% | decimal | 97.8 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 7 | Unit6% | decimal | 102.1 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 8 | Unit7% | decimal | 99.5 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 9 | Unit8% | decimal | 100.0 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 10 | Unit9% | decimal | 98.9 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
| 11 | Unit10% | decimal | 101.5 | Controlled input parameter used by deterministic QC rules and traceable result generation. |
BatchNumber,Unit1%,Unit2%,Unit3%,Unit4%,Unit5%,Unit6%,Unit7%,Unit8%,Unit9%,Unit10% TAB-CU-2026-001,98.5,101.2,99.0,100.5,97.8,102.1,99.5,100.0,98.9,101.5 TAB-CU-2026-002,95.0,105.0,92.0,108.0,96.0,104.0,93.0,107.0,94.0,106.0 TAB-FAIL-2026-003,80.0,120.0,85.0,115.0,82.0,118.0,83.0,117.0,81.0,119.0
FS — Functional Specification
| ID | Function | Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| FS-001 | CSV import | Read input.csv in UTF-8/CSV-compatible format and validate the header and expected columns. |
| FS-002 | Schema validation | Check mandatory fields, column count, critical missing values and row structure. |
| FS-003 | Type conversion | Convert numeric, flag and text values; invalid formats are recorded as row-level errors. |
| FS-004 | Domain rule engine | Apply domain rules for Content Uniformity Acceptance Value, including limits from the utility description and approved specification. |
| FS-005 | Status aggregation | Produce final status: FAIL for critical failure, WARNING for non-critical deviation, PASS for conformance. |
| FS-006 | JSON export | Write output.json with detailed checks, source values, warnings, failures and critical findings. |
| FS-007 | Audit support | Keep the result structure suitable for review, deviation investigation, calculation reproduction and IQ/OQ/PQ preparation. |
| FS-008 | Integration contract | Support the production scenario: LIMS/ELN/MES creates input.csv, the utility returns output.json, and the portal displays description and documentation. |
| FS-009 | Error handling | Report errors unambiguously and do not substitute missing values with calculated values unless the rule is explicitly defined. |
| FS-010 | Version control support | Document the utility version, input contract, executable checksum and rule application date. |
Example output.json
{
"utilityId": "content-uniformity-acceptance-value",
"utilityName": "Content_Uniformity_Acceptance_Value",
"overallStatus": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"sourceFile": "input.csv",
"checks": [
{
"parameter": "BatchNumber",
"value": "TAB-CU-2026-001",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit1%",
"value": "98.5",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit2%",
"value": "101.2",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit3%",
"value": "99.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit4%",
"value": "100.5",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit5%",
"value": "97.8",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit6%",
"value": "102.1",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit7%",
"value": "99.5",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit8%",
"value": "100.0",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit9%",
"value": "98.9",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
},
{
"parameter": "Unit10%",
"value": "101.5",
"status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
"message": "Rule-based check result"
}
],
"criticalFindings": [],
"warnings": [],
"generatedFor": "QA/QC review and LIMS integration"
}
Traceability matrix
| URS | FS | OQ/PQ coverage |
|---|---|---|
| URS-001, URS-003 | FS-001, FS-002, FS-003 | OQ-001/OQ-002/OQ-003 |
| URS-002, URS-004 | FS-004, FS-005 | OQ-004/PQ-001 |
| URS-005, URS-007 | FS-006, FS-007 | OQ-005/PQ-002 |
| URS-008, URS-010 | FS-008, FS-010 | IQ-001/OQ-006 |
OQ/PQ test scenarios
| ID | Scenario | Expected result |
|---|---|---|
| OQ-001 | Valid sample row | PASS or acceptable WARNING according to the rules. |
| OQ-002 | Mandatory column missing | Schema error or FAIL. |
| OQ-003 | Non-numeric value in numeric field | Type-conversion error. |
| OQ-004 | Critical parameter outside limit | FAIL and critical finding. |
| OQ-005 | Multiple rows with different statuses | Independent row-level evaluation. |
| PQ-001 | User real batch/sample | Reviewed result with retained input/output files. |
QA/QC and change control
- Do not rename columns without updating the validator, documentation and test set.
- Retain
input.csv,output.json, executable version, documentation and checksum. - Before production use, perform IQ/OQ/PQ or equivalent CSV/CSA verification.
- Critical limits must be verified against the approved specification, local SOPs and registration dossier.
Included in packages
Lumex QC Suite
A single Lumex package combining the former Lumex and Lumex2 sets: instrumental and general pharmaceutical QC, AAS/ICP, CE, HPLC, NIR/PAT, stability, dissolution, content uniformity, system suitability and statistical control.
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