ApixabanQualityChecker

Apixaban

API assay biosimilars dissolution fixed-dose combinations generics heavy metals impurities

Apixaban Quality Checker — Anticoagulant (Factor Xa Inhibitor) (Ph. Eur., USP)

ℹ️ The utility checks assay, specific synthetic impurities, Toluene (Class 2), total impurities.
ℹ️ Does not use machine learning — rule-based logic only.
⚠️ CRITICAL! Toluene ≤890 ppm. Total impurities ≤0.5%. Heavy metals ≤10 ppm!

Usage:
ApixabanQualityChecker.exe → demo mode
ApixabanQualityChecker.exe input.csv output.json → evaluate data

Input format:
BatchNumber,Assay_Percent,Specific_Rotation,pH_Value,Impurity_A_Percent,Impurity_B_Percent,Impurity_C_Percent,Total_Impurities_Percent,Loss_On_Drying_Percent,Residual_Solvent_Ethanol_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Acetone_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Toluene_ppm,Heavy_Metals_ppm,Sulfated_Ash_Percent,Dissolution_Percent,Weight_Variation_RSD,Friability_Percent,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected

Example:
APX-SUB-2026-001,99.8,0.0,0.0,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.15,0.2,800,600,150,5,0.05,0.0,0.0,0.0,20,5,0,0

— WHY IS THIS NEEDED?
Apixaban — direct oral Factor Xa inhibitor:
• High potency requires strict dosage control (Assay 98-102%)
• Synthesis involves multi-step reactions using toluene and other organic solvents
• Specific impurities (A, B, C) — synthetic intermediates, must be removed
• Purity requirements very high due to chronic patient use (risk of toxin accumulation)
• Heavy metals control stricter than usual (≤10 ppm)
⚠️ CRITICAL:
• Assay: 98–102%
• Total Impurities: ≤ 0.5% (very pure)
• Individual Impurities: ≤ 0.10–0.15%
• Toluene: ≤ 890 ppm (ICH Q3C Class 2, strict limit)
• Loss on Drying: ≤ 0.5% (low hygroscopicity)
• Dissolution (for tablets): ≥ 80% in 30 min
• Microbiology: absence of pathogens
⚠️ Note: Utility accounts for apixaban synthesis specifics where toluene is a key solvent. Its residual amount is strictly controlled. Low impurity limits due to chronic (lifelong or long-term) administration, so any toxic impurity can accumulate. For tablet forms, weight variation and dissolution are also checked.

input.csv

BatchNumber,Assay_Percent,Specific_Rotation,pH_Value,Impurity_A_Percent,Impurity_B_Percent,Impurity_C_Percent,Total_Impurities_Percent,Loss_On_Drying_Percent,Residual_Solvent_Ethanol_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Acetone_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Toluene_ppm,Heavy_Metals_ppm,Sulfated_Ash_Percent,Dissolution_Percent,Weight_Variation_RSD,Friability_Percent,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected
APX-SUB-2026-001,99.8,0.0,0.0,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.15,0.2,800,600,150,5,0.05,0.0,0.0,0.0,20,5,0,0

URS & FS — user requirements and functional specification

This document defines user requirements and functional specification for the quality-control utility. It supports deployment discussion, IQ/OQ preparation and QC workflow integration.

Utility: ApixabanQualityCheckerAPI / object: ApixabanCategory: Global API

1. Scope

The Apixaban Quality Checker utility is used for Apixaban. The actual input.csv is the source of truth for the input structure; control criteria are defined by the executable and the domain description.

The utility does not use machine learning; decisions are produced by deterministic rules.

Categories: Global API

Tags: API, assay, biosimilars, dissolution, fixed-dose combinations, generics, heavy metals, impurities, market map, microbiology, solid dosage

2. Execution modes

ApixabanQualityChecker.exe                            → demo mode
ApixabanQualityChecker.exe input.csv output.json      → evaluate data

3. Key controlled areas

assay / content
purity and impurities
dissolution / disintegration
residual solvents
microbiology and pathogens
heavy metals / elemental impurities
pH and physicochemical parameters

4. Domain limits and critical parameters

⚠️ CRITICAL! Toluene ≤890 ppm. Total impurities ≤0.5%. Heavy metals ≤10 ppm!
Heavy metals control stricter than usual (≤10 ppm)
⚠️ CRITICAL:
Assay: 98–102%
Total Impurities: ≤ 0.5% (very pure)
Individual Impurities: ≤ 0.10–0.15%
Toluene: ≤ 890 ppm (ICH Q3C Class 2, strict limit)
Loss on Drying: ≤ 0.5% (low hygroscopicity)
Dissolution (for tablets): ≥ 80% in 30 min
Microbiology: absence of pathogens
⚠️ Note: Utility accounts for apixaban synthesis specifics where toluene is a key solvent. Its residual amount is strictly controlled. Low impurity limits due to chronic (lifelong or long-term) administration, so any toxic impurity can accumulate. For tablet forms, weight variation and dissolution are also checked.

Limits stated in the description must be verified against the current approved specification, pharmacopoeial monograph and registration dossier before production use.

5. URS — user requirements

ID	Requirement	Criticality	Acceptance criterion
URS-001	The system shall accept an `input.csv` file for Apixaban with the exact columns listed in the “Input data contract” section.	High	A file with the correct header is processed without manual editing; missing mandatory columns produce FAIL/import error.
URS-002	The system shall support execution without arguments in demo mode and execution with `input.csv output.json` for user data.	Medium	Both execution scenarios produce a predictable result or clear diagnostic error.
URS-003	The system shall perform rule-based controls for: assay / content, purity and impurities, dissolution / disintegration, residual solvents, microbiology and pathogens, heavy metals / elemental impurities, pH and physicochemical parameters.	High	Each controlled parameter receives a status and message; the result does not depend on hidden Excel formulas or ML.
URS-004	The system shall preserve traceability between batch/lot, source values, applied rules and final verdict.	High	Output includes batch identifier, source values, parameter statuses and critical findings.
URS-005	The system shall generate machine-readable `output.json` for LIMS/ELN/MES, batch record and QA/QC review.	High	JSON contains overall status, check array, warnings, failures and source-file reference.
URS-006	The system shall support use in the client validation package: URS/FS, IQ/OQ preparation, installation and operational scenario checks.	High	The document, test scenarios and reproducible CSV/JSON flow are suitable for audit and internal approval.
URS-007	The system shall clearly separate technical data errors from specification nonconformities.	Medium	Schema/type errors are not mixed with pharmacopoeial deviations and are reported separately.

6. input.csv data contract

The source of truth for the input schema is the actual input.csv header. Column names are technical identifiers and are not translated.

#	Column	Type	Unit	Description	Sample	Control rule
1	`BatchNumber`	identifier	as specified	Batch Number	`APX-SUB-2026-001`	mandatory field; used for batch/lot traceability
2	`Assay_Percent`	decimal	%	Assay %	`99.8`	numeric value; compared with assay/purity limit from specification or method
3	`Specific_Rotation`	decimal	as specified	Specific Rotation	`0.0`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
4	`pH_Value`	decimal	pH	p H Value	`0.0`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
5	`Impurity_A_Percent`	decimal	%	Impurity A %	`0.05`	numeric value; compared with individual or total impurity limit
6	`Impurity_B_Percent`	decimal	%	Impurity B %	`0.04`	numeric value; compared with individual or total impurity limit
7	`Impurity_C_Percent`	decimal	%	Impurity C %	`0.03`	numeric value; compared with individual or total impurity limit
8	`Total_Impurities_Percent`	decimal	%	Total Impurities %	`0.15`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
9	`Loss_On_Drying_Percent`	decimal	%	Loss On Drying %	`0.2`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
10	`Residual_Solvent_Ethanol_ppm`	decimal	ppm	Residual Solvent Ethanol ppm	`800`	numeric value; checked as residual solvent against the applicable limit
11	`Residual_Solvent_Acetone_ppm`	decimal	ppm	Residual Solvent Acetone ppm	`600`	numeric value; checked as residual solvent against the applicable limit
12	`Residual_Solvent_Toluene_ppm`	decimal	ppm	Residual Solvent Toluene ppm	`150`	numeric value; checked as residual solvent against the applicable limit
13	`Heavy_Metals_ppm`	decimal	ppm	Heavy Metals ppm	`5`	numeric value; checked as elemental/metal impurity
14	`Sulfated_Ash_Percent`	decimal	%	Sulfated Ash %	`0.05`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
15	`Dissolution_Percent`	decimal	%	Dissolution %	`0.0`	numeric value; dissolution/disintegration profile checked according to method
16	`Weight_Variation_RSD`	decimal	as specified	Weight Variation RSD	`0.0`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
17	`Friability_Percent`	decimal	%	Friability %	`0.0`	mandatory numeric value; rule comparison is performed by the utility
18	`Microbial_Count_TAMC`	decimal	as specified	Microbial Count TAMC	`20`	numeric value; compared with microbiological limits
19	`Microbial_Count_TYMC`	decimal	as specified	Microbial Count TYMC	`5`	numeric value; compared with microbiological limits
20	`EColi_Detected`	boolean / flag	0/1	EColi Detected	`0`	valid flag required; prohibited organisms and growth are normally expected as 0 / absent
21	`Salmonella_Detected`	boolean / flag	0/1	Salmonella Detected	`0`	valid flag required; prohibited organisms and growth are normally expected as 0 / absent

CSV example

BatchNumber,Assay_Percent,Specific_Rotation,pH_Value,Impurity_A_Percent,Impurity_B_Percent,Impurity_C_Percent,Total_Impurities_Percent,Loss_On_Drying_Percent,Residual_Solvent_Ethanol_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Acetone_ppm,Residual_Solvent_Toluene_ppm,Heavy_Metals_ppm,Sulfated_Ash_Percent,Dissolution_Percent,Weight_Variation_RSD,Friability_Percent,Microbial_Count_TAMC,Microbial_Count_TYMC,EColi_Detected,Salmonella_Detected
APX-SUB-2026-001,99.8,0.0,0.0,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.15,0.2,800,600,150,5,0.05,0.0,0.0,0.0,20,5,0,0

7. FS — functional specification

ID	Function	Implementation description
FS-001	CLI entry point	The executable `ApixabanQualityChecker.exe` supports demo mode and `input.csv output.json` processing mode.
FS-002	CSV parser	The import module reads CSV, validates header, column presence/order, value count and encoding. Decimal values are expected with a dot separator.
FS-003	Field conversion	Each column is converted to the expected type: identifier, text, decimal number, date/time or boolean flag.
FS-004	Domain rule engine	For Apixaban, explicit rules are applied: range, minimum, maximum, absence of prohibited flag, data completeness or calculation-based check.
FS-005	Criticality handling	Critical violations produce FAIL; non-critical deviations and incomplete data produce WARNING; full conformance produces PASS.
FS-006	JSON writer	`output.json` stores overall status, per-parameter results, source values, warnings, failures and diagnostic messages.
FS-007	Integration contract	The CSV → JSON format is stable for invocation from LIMS/ELN/MES, scheduled task or wrapper service.
FS-008	Error handling	Schema error, missing file, non-numeric value or JSON write failure returns diagnosable error without silent PASS.

8. output.json contract

The output file must be suitable for automated processing, audit review and correlation with the source input.csv row.

{
  "utility": "ApixabanQualityChecker",
  "api": "Apixaban",
  "batchNumber": "APX-SUB-2026-001",
  "overallStatus": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
  "checkedAtUtc": "2026-05-18T00:00:00Z",
  "checks": [
    {
      "parameter": "BatchNumber",
      "value": "APX-SUB-2026-001",
      "unit": "as specified",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Assay_Percent",
      "value": "99.8",
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Specific_Rotation",
      "value": "0.0",
      "unit": "as specified",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "pH_Value",
      "value": "0.0",
      "unit": "pH",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Impurity_A_Percent",
      "value": "0.05",
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Impurity_B_Percent",
      "value": "0.04",
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Impurity_C_Percent",
      "value": "0.03",
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "Total_Impurities_Percent",
      "value": "0.15",
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "PASS|WARNING|FAIL",
      "message": "Rule-based check result"
    }
  ],
  "criticalFindings": [],
  "sourceFile": "input.csv"
}

9. OQ/PQ test scenarios

ID	Scenario	Expected result
TC-001	Valid CSV with expected header and sample row	All rows are processed; output contains PASS/WARNING/FAIL and parameter-level detail.
TC-002	A mandatory input.csv column is missing	Import is rejected or the row receives FAIL with schema reference.
TC-003	A numeric field contains text or a blank value	Type conversion error is recorded; the result is not hidden as PASS.
TC-004	A parameter is outside specification or critical limit	Critical parameters produce FAIL; non-critical deviations produce WARNING according to the rule.
TC-005	Positive pathogen/microbiological flag or microbiological limit excursion	Critical FAIL is produced with the offending parameter.
TC-006	Insufficient dissolution or excessive disintegration time	FAIL/WARNING is produced according to method criticality.
TC-007	Residual solvent above applicable limit	FAIL is produced with solvent name and measured value.

10. QA/QC, CSV and change control

Before production use, the client records executable version, checksum, specification/monograph version, test CSV, expected JSON and IQ/OQ results.
Column names must not be changed without updating the validator and test scenarios.
The source CSV, output.json and utility version should be stored together as an evidence package.
Any change in control rules must go through change control and repeated OQ scenario verification.

Included in packages

Algeria: national essential medicines QC package

QC utility package aligned with the country essential/reimbursed medicines list analogue and cross-checked against WHO EML. Only utilities already present in the portal are included; the package is a validation/discussion starting map, not an official registry copy.

ApixabanQualityChecker

input.csv

1. Scope

2. Execution modes

3. Key controlled areas

4. Domain limits and critical parameters

5. URS — user requirements

6. input.csv data contract

CSV example

7. FS — functional specification

8. output.json contract

9. OQ/PQ test scenarios

10. QA/QC, CSV and change control

Included in packages

Algeria: national essential medicines QC package

Argentina: national essential medicines QC package

Australia: national essential medicines QC package

Bangladesh: national essential medicines QC package

Brazil: national essential medicines QC package

Canada: national essential medicines QC package

Cardiology QC Suite

China: national essential medicines QC package

Colombia: national essential medicines QC package

Democratic Republic of the Congo: national essential medicines QC package

Egypt: national essential medicines QC package

Ethiopia: national essential medicines QC package

France: national essential medicines QC package

Germany: national essential medicines QC package

Global API & Biosimilars QC Suite

India: national essential medicines QC package

Indonesia: national essential medicines QC package

Iran: national essential medicines QC package

Italy: national essential medicines QC package

Japan: national essential medicines QC package

Kenya: national essential medicines QC package

Mexico: national essential medicines QC package

Myanmar: national essential medicines QC package

Nigeria: national essential medicines QC package

Pakistan: national essential medicines QC package

Philippines: national essential medicines QC package

Russia: national essential medicines QC package

Saudi Arabia: national essential medicines QC package

South Africa: national essential medicines QC package

South Korea: national essential medicines QC package

Sudan: national essential medicines QC package

Tanzania: national essential medicines QC package

Thailand: national essential medicines QC package

Turkey: national essential medicines QC package

Uganda: national essential medicines QC package

United Kingdom: national essential medicines QC package

United States: national essential medicines QC package

Vietnam: national essential medicines QC package